Enameled metal ware.



' UNITED STATES.

Patented November 8, 1904 PATENT ()FFICE,

THOMAS MASON LUNAN, OENEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE CENTRAL STAMPING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N.'Y., AJCORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ENAMELED METAL WARE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 774,679, dated November 8, 1964'.

Original application filed March 28, l903, Serial No. 150,040.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THoMAs MASON LUNAN, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New J ersey, have invented a new and useful Im-' the following is a specification.

My-invention consists in a metallic article having an enameled coating which is mottled within the body of the enamel.

Metallic vessels have heretofore been coated with an enamel where the mottling eflects are due either to chemical reactions between the material of the enamel and the metal of which the vessel is made or between the enamel and a film of a different metal or substance superposed upon the surface of the metal of which the vessel is made.

The process employed by me to obtain a mottled enamel differs from those mentioned in that the mottling effect is due entirely to the formation of precipitated masses within the body of the enamel.

The object of my invention is produce enameled ware which will have a hard, firm, cohesive coating of attractive appearance and which, owing to. the acid character of the enamel, will not beacted upon by acids or similar decomposing agents, as is the case where the enamel is of alkaline character.-

To carry my invention into effect, I proceed as follows: The article to be enameled is first annealed and subsequently cleaned in any well-known manner. After all the grease and dirt has been'removed and the article dried it is dipped into a solution of potassium chlorate or sodium chlorate or other equivalent solution. Such solutions attack the metal body of the article on which the enamel is to be applied, permeate it for a short distance, and thereby form a roughened surface, which serves as an excellent point of attachment for the enamel. This step I consider of advantage. It may, however, be entirely omitted. After the article to be enameled has been cleaned or after it has been subjected to treatment with the oxidizing solution, as above described, it is coated with an enamel of a provement in Enameled Metal Ware, of which Divided and this application filed' y 25, 1904:. Serial (No model.)

chlorids, or other. soluble salts,- carebeing taken in compounding this coating to have the acidic part'of the reagents in excess of the basic or alkaline part. This enamel after smelting is ground and brought to the desired consistency by' the addition of clay or other suitable thickening reagent. The coating may be applied by dipping or otherwise. The article to be enameled may'now be placed in the usual muflie and "heated to set the enamel, or, preferably, inorder to give the enamel an attractive "mottled or foliated appearance there is applied in the form of a spray or otherwise'a solution of ammonium hyd roxid or other non-metallic h ydroxid, such as phenyl-hydrOzine. I do not limit myself, however, to non-metallic hydroxids. The

chemical action which takes place between the metallic bodies carried by theconstituents of the enamel and the ammonium hydroxid are as follows for ferrous iron, ferric iron, and aluminium:

These hydrated oxids form masses throughout the body of the enamel which greatly enhance the beauty of the article when finished. After this treatment the article may be baked in a muflie in the usual manner. When the article is finished, it is covered with a beautif-ully mottled and completely-oxidized enameled mass, which by reason of its acid character will resist the action of all decomposing agents, in marked contrast to the behavior of ware coated with alkaline enamel, which, as is well known, is easily attacked by acids because of the excess of the basic radicals which combine with the attacking acids, forming their respective metallic salts, which in turn dissolve, thus allowing the enamel to easily disintegrate.

I make no claim in this application for the process described for producing a mottled enameled surface, as such process has been made the subject of a' former application, Serial No. 150,040, filed March 28,1903, and of which this application is a division.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single coat of acid enamel mottled within the body of the enamel.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single coat of acid enamel carrying precipitated masses within the body of the enamel.

3. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic'vessel or other article having a single coat of acid enamel, carrying a precipitated oxid within the body of the enamel.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single coat of acid mottled enamel containing within its body distributed masses of a precipitated oxid.

5. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single enamel coat, carrying precipitated masses of the oxidizable constituents of the enamel.

6. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article coated with a single layer of acid enamel, mottled within the body of the enamel and above the metal surface upon which the enamel is situated.

7. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article, having a single coating of acid mottled enamel, with the metallic constituents of the enamel precipitated as masses, situated wholly within the body of the enamel.

- 8. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article, having applied to its surface a single cohesive acid-enamel coating in which are precipitated masses which give to the enamel a mottled appearance, and which masses are not in contact with the metallic vessel but entirely surrounded by the enamel.

9. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single coat of acid enamel, which presents a mottled appearance, with the mottles wholly within the body of the enamel.

10. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single coat of acid enamel, which presents a mottled appearance, with the mottles wholly within the body of the enamel and formed of a precipitated oxid.

11. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article, having applied thereto a single coat of acid enamel such as described, and a non-metallic hydroxid, said enamel characterized by mottles appearing as deposited masses wholly within the body of the enamel.

12. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article, having directly fused thereon, a single coat of acid mottled enamel carrying a precipitated hydrated oxid.

13. As a new article of manufacture, an enameled vessel presenting a mottled surface, produced by the precipitation of the metallic constituents of a single coat of acid enamel, as masses and within the enamel.

1 As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having an exterior covering, formed by a singlecoat of mottled acid enamel carrying precipitated masses of a hydrated oxid.

15. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article, having a single coat of acid enamel, fused directly upon the body of the article, and said enamel carrying Wholly within it, precipitated masses which give to it a mottled appearance.

16. As a new article of manufacture, a metallic vessel or other article having a single coat of enamel of intensely acid nature, carrying wholly within it deposited masses of metallic hydroxids.

17. As a new article of manufacture, ametallic vessel or other article, having a mottled coat of acid enamel and, within said enamel and carried wholly by said enamel, masses of metallic hydroxids.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS MASON LUNAN.

Witnesses:

WINSLOW ZELIFF, CLARA SOHAFFER. 

